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The target system exposed a web service running an outdated FreePBX version with known vulnerabilities. An unauthenticated SQL injection flaw was leveraged to manipulate the backend database and create administrative access. Using this access, a file upload vulnerability was abused to place a web shell, resulting in remote code execution as a low-privileged user.

For privilege escalation, system enumeration revealed a misconfigured automated task mechanism that executed a root-owned script based on file changes. By placing a malicious file in a location that the script referenced, it was possible to trigger execution and gain root-level access.

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